Abstract Introduction: kidney transplantation is the standard treatment option for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. However, early kidney transplantation is not always possible, and many patients require renal replacement therapy. This study aims to evaluate the short and long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation in patients undergoing dialysis therapy before transplantation. Methods: a retrospective cohort of renal transplant patients older than 18 years of age were evaluated during the years 2005-2018. A descriptive analysis was performed. A proportional Cox-Hazard model was used to evaluate the relationship between patient and transplant survival and pre-transplant dialysis. An analysis of variance was used to compare the glomerular filtration rate during the first two years after transplantation. Results: between 2005-2018, 925 kidney transplants were performed, of which 289 required peritoneal dialysis, 439 haemodialysis and 197 did not require dialysis. Patient and transplant survival rates at 6, 12, 24, 48, 60 months after kidney transplantation were 97.5%, 96.7%, 96.0%, 93.7%, 92.3%, 94.5%, 92.9%, 90.5%, 84.8%, 81.1%. No statistically significant difference was found between peritoneal dialysis patients and hemodialysis patients (p=0.402, p=0.180). Acute rejection occurred in 8.1% of patients in the first year after transplantation and in 13.2% during the entire follow-up. Glomerular filtration rate values were similar in patients with and those without pre-transplant dialysis Conclusions: there were no significant statistical differences in short and long-term outcomes among patients undergoing pre-transplant dialysis vs. no.

Resumen Introducción: el trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal; sin embargo, un trasplante renal anticipado no siempre es posible y muchos pacientes requieren algún tipo de terapia de reemplazo renal previa al trasplante. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los desenlaces a corto y largo plazo, post-trasplante renal, de acuerdo con la modalidad de diálisis previa al trasplante. Métodos: estudio de tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años que recibieron un trasplante renal durante 2005-2018. Inicialmente se realizó estadística descriptiva y posteriormente se realizó análisis multivariado mediante un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, con el objetivo de evaluar la relación entre la supervivencia del paciente y del injerto y la necesidad de diálisis previa al trasplante. Se evaluó, además, la tasa de filtración glomerular durante los primeros dos años del trasplante renal. Resultados: durante 2005-2018 se realizaron 925 trasplantes renales, 289 estaban en diálisis peritoneal, 439 en hemodiálisis y 197 no estaban en diálisis. La supervivencia del paciente a 6, 12, 24, 48 y 60 meses posterior al trasplante renal fue de 97,5 %, 96,7 %, 96,0 %, 93,7 % y 92,3 %, respectivamente, y del injerto fue de 94,5 %, 92,9 %, 90,5 %, 84,8 %, 81,1 %, también respectivamente, sin encontrar diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los que tuvieron diálisis peritoneal vs. hemodiálisis (p = 0,402, p = 0,180), tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en el análisis multivariado. El 8,1 % de los pacientes presentó rechazo agudo en el primer año post trasplante y el 13,2 % durante todo el seguimiento, sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre los que habían tenido diálisis peritoneal vs. hemodiálisis. No se encontraron diferencias en la TFG. Conclusiones: no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los desenlaces duros a corto y largo plazo, según la modalidad de diálisis pretrasplante.

ABSTRACT Correct management of the feeding regime in shrimp aquaculture has been beneficial. Still, when looking for improvement in shrimp performance, the results have been contradictory, and the limits between better growth and independent growth as a function of the feeding regime are not clear. In this study, trypsin and α-amylase activity, as well as an interpretation of the energy utilized for enzyme production, were evaluated in shrimp weighing 1 g. Four feeding groups were set to feed one, two, four, or eight times per day over a month, after which trypsin and α-amylase activities were evaluated during 29 h. Results indicated that the group fed once per day ingested 90% of the feed, whereas the other groups ingested 100%. The α-amylase was not consumed during the daytime in all groups, unlike trypsin. Total trypsin activity was not significantly different between feeding groups, but α-amylase was significantly different. Shrimp fed eight times had an elevated α-amylase activity level that was 2.6 times greater than those fed only once, and 0.8 and 0.5 times greater than those fed four and twice per day, respectively. Feeding more frequently generates a higher use of energy that may or may not be reflected in growth but could be essential for all the energy-dependent metabolic processes required by shrimp.

RESUMEN Se muestra el caso de un paciente con 56 años de edad, con un síndrome adenomegálico generalizado que presentó un linfoma de Hodgkin de celularidad mixta, asociado al virus de Epstein-Barr. El paciente previo al inicio del linfoma presentó episodios prolongados de estrés emocional, lo que posiblemente contribuyó a la disminución de la vigilancia inmunológica. El caso fue abordado por los estudiantes de quinto semestre en la asignatura Acto médico, una estrategia didáctica interdisciplinaria. Este artículo presenta los aspectos a tener en cuenta en el enfoque clínico de los pacientes con adenopatías desde una perspectiva integradora de la inmunología, la clínica y los diagnósticos diferenciales. Se resalta el valor del estudio de los casos clínicos con varios métodos diagnósticos como estrategia didáctica. Finalmente, se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre el linfoma Hodgkin orientada al papel en el que participa la infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr, relacionada con la inmunosupresión por estrés.

SUMMARY We present the case of a 56-year-old patient with a generalized adenomegalic syndrome who presented a mixed cellular Hodgkin’s lymphoma associated with Epstein Barr Virus. The patient had had great emotional stress prior to the onset of lymphoma, which possibly contributed to the decrease in immunological surveillance. The case was addressed by the students of the fifth semester in the subject “Medical Act”, an interdisciplinary didactic strategy. We present the aspects to be taken into account in the approach of the clinician of patients with adenopathies from an integrative perspective of immunology, clinical and differential diagnoses; and the value of the study of clinical cases with several diagnostic approaches as a didactic strategy is highlighted. Finally, we present a literature review about Hodgkin lymphoma and the role which plays stress related Epstein Barr Virus infection.

ABSTRACT Shrimp production has been affected by disease outbreaks caused by Vibrio sp. bacteria. Using a polyculture system has been proposed as preventive management, but until now, the mode of action by which the organisms in polyculture obtain some benefits was unknown. Some studies indicate that these benefits are related to the immune system in the skin mucus. The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of skin mucus in two tilapia varieties, Oreochromis sp. (marine adapted) and O. niloticus (freshwater), against Vibrio bacteria that affect the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Skin mucus extracts were obtained from both varieties of tilapia during spring and winter. The extracts were: acidic, aqueous and two organics. In total, 16 extracts were obtained. During the winter season, no antibacterial activity was detected; however, in the spring, the acidic extract from the marine-adapted tilapia inhibited V. parahaemolyticus. Additionally, V. harveyi was inhibited by the acidic and organic extracts from both varieties. The aim of this study was confirmed: tilapia skin mucus has antibacterial activity against Vibrio bacteria, which depends on the tilapia variety, bacterial strain, season and the concentration of colony forming units. SDS-PAGE revealed a protease of 96 kD present in all extracts, even in those without antibacterial activity.

Background: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is a therapeutic alternative for patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Aim: To report the initial experience with the “refined BPA technique” with the use of intravascular images. Patients and Methods: Between June 2015 and June 2016 we selected fourteen patients with CTEPH who were considered candidates for BPA. Lesions targeted for treatment were further analyzed using intravascular imaging with optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). We report the immediate hemodynamic results and four weeks of follow-up of the first eight patients of this series. Results: We performed 16 BPA in eight patients aged 61 ± 14 years (88% women). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) was 48.6 ± 5.8 mmHg. Success was achieved in seven patients (88%). A mean of 2.3 segments per patient were intervened in 11 sessions (1.6 sessions/ patient). Only one patient developed lung reperfusion injury. No mortality was associated with the procedure. After the last BPA session, PAPm decreased to 37.4 ± 8.6 mmHg (p=0.02). Pulmonary vascular resistance (RVP) decreased from 858,6 ± 377,0 at baseline to 516,6 ± 323,3 Dynes/sec/cm−5 (p<0.01) and the cardiac index increased from 2.4±0.6 at baseline to 2.8±0.3 L/min/m2 (p=0.01). At 4 weeks after the last BPA, WHO functional class improved from 3.3±0.5 to 2.5±0.5 (p<0,01) and six minutes walking distance from 331±92 to 451±149 m (p=0.01). Conclusions: BPA guided by OFDI for the treatment of inoperable CTEPH patients is a safe alternative with excellent immediate hemodynamic and clinical results.

ABSTRACT An assay on tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and freshwater prawn Macrobrachium americanum in polyculture was conducted during 112 days to study the effect on their blood chemistry and biochemical body composition to determine the feasibility of this polyculture in high density. Six densities were evaluated [T4/5, T9/5, T14/5, T0/5, T9/0, and T14/0; [Ttilapia/prawn (ind m-2)]. In tilapia were evaluated hemoglobin, red cells albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, and triglycerides composition in blood. In M. americanum were evaluated hemocyanin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein in hemolymph. The total content of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in muscle and liver of tilapia, and muscle and hepatopancreas on prawns were also studied. Both animals presented significant differences (P < 0.05) in the glucose concentration, tilapia at T9/5 density presented significantly lower concentration (26.25 ± 6.3 mg dL-1) in blood, and prawn at T4/5 presented significant higher concentration (12.2 ± 1.9 mg dL-1). Tilapia monocultures T14/0 displayed significant higher (P < 0.05) carbohydrate concentration in muscle. No significant differences (P > 0.05) appeared in the concentration of lipids and proteins in any tilapia group and proximal composition of muscle and hepatopancreas in prawn. The present study indicates that polyculture in a density T14/5 is similar than monoculture with no effect in blood or hemolymph chemistry and proximal composition of tilapia and prawn. The blood glucose concentration can be considered an indicator of physiological changes for tilapia and prawn when cultured together.

ABSTRACT A shift towards declining azoxystrobin sensitivity has been previously documented in a collection of Brazilian Monilinia fructicola isolates, but information on the stability of this trait after in vitro sub-culturing is not available. In this study, one highly-sensitive isolate and two isolates with reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin, not exhibiting point mutations at codons 129, 137 and 143 in the target gene of cytochrome b were used. Two independent experiments consisted of 10 weekly transfers of each strain in potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidial production and germination were quantified in the initial culture and, again, after the third, sixth and tenth transfer. Measures of mycelial growth were obtained in colonies growing on PDA amended with azoxystrobin at 1 µg mL−1 and salicylhydroxamic acid at 100 µg mL−1. Data were normalized to mycelial growth rate after each of the 10 transfers. The colony diameter in the less sensitive isolates was stable across the transfers in the PDA amended with the fungicide. The conidial production and mycelial growth rate did not decrease in non-amended media either. Our results suggest that the trait of reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin is stable under no selection pressure for azoxystrobin.

Os nematóides entomopatogênicos apresentam baixa viabilidade em condições de laboratório. Com o objetivo de avaliar substratos para prolongar a sobrevivência dos nematóides entomopatogênicos, suspensões de Heterorhabditis sp. JPM4 e Steinernema carpocapsae All (3.000 JI mL-1) foram adicionadas aos substratos solo, areia fina, areia grossa, espuma, argila expandida, esponja fenólica, ágar, amido de milho, Plantmax® e água. Estes foram colocados em placas de Petri (5 cm) e mantidos a 16 ± 1°C. As avaliações foram feitas após 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias, com três repetições para cada dia. Após 180 dias, para S. carpocapsae All o substrato espuma (57,5%) manteve maior porcentagem de juvenis infectantes (JI) vivos; argila expandida (28,4%), Plantmax® (9,3%) e esponja fenólica (11%) não foram eficientes para manutenção da sobrevivência. Para Heterorhabditis sp. JPM4, espuma (55,6%), areia grossa (53,1%) e areia fina (50,6%) proporcionaram maior sobrevivência dos JI ao final de 180 dias. Ágar (19,3%), esponja fenólica (11,6%) e Plantmax® (10,7%) tiveram índices de sobrevivência inferiores ao da testemunha (29,7%). O uso de substrato adequado pode propiciar maior sobrevivência de JI.

The survival of entomopathogenic nematodes under laboratory conditions is low. With the aim of evaluating substrates to extend the survival of entomopathogenic nematodes, suspensions of Heterorhabditis sp. JPM4 and Steinernema carpocapsae All (3,000 IJ mL-1) were added to dirt, fine sand, coarse sand, foam, expanded clay, phenolic foam, agar, corn starch, Plantmax®, and water. The substrates were placed on Petri dishes (5 cm) and kept at 16 ± 1°C. Survival evaluations were made after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days, with three replicates. After 180 d, a greater percentage of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) were still alive in the foam treatment (57.5%) as compared to other treatments, while expanded clay (28.4%), Plantmax® (9.3%) and phenolic foam (11%) were not effective in maintaining the survival rate. Foam (55.6%), coarse sand (53.1%), and fine sand (50.6%) provided greater Heterorhabditis sp. JPM4 IJ survival at 180 days. Agar (19.3%), phenolic foam (11.6%), and Plantmax® (10.7%) had lower survival indices than the control (29.7%). The use of an appropriate substrate can provide greater IJ survival.

The biology and ecology of the species Lutjanus colorado and Lutjanus argentiventris is almost unknown in the state of Sinaloa Mexico, in spite of the economic importance that catch of these species had in the year 2000 with 233,642 metric ton. The present work is of scientific importance by the biological contribution for the managing of these fisheries. Stomachs of these species were monthly collected from artisanal and personal catches during 2001. A total of 145 stomachs of L. argentiventris and 87 of L. colorado were analyzed. The stomach content was identified, separated in groups, quantified, weighted and the frequency of appearance obtained. Additionally, the total and monthly index of relative importance (IRI) was calculated, by sex and size. The diet of these fishes was constituted by two main trophic groups: fishes and crustaceans. The most important prey in the diet of L. argentiventris was Penaeus sp. (Decapoda Natantia) and in L. colorado was Goniopsis pulchra (Decapoda Reptantia). The amount of preys was greater in the summer months, being observed a greater variety of the nutritional spectrum. Numerical and gravimetric percentages were used to determine trophic spectrum diversity. These values were low (<0.5), concluding that the diet of these species is of low diversity but abundant

La biología y ecología de las especies Lutjanus colorado y Lutjanus argentiventris son poco conocidas en el estado de Sinaloa, México a pesar de la importancia económica que tiene, con capturas de 233.642 tm en el 2000. Estómagos de estas especies fueron recolectados mensualmente durante el año 2001, a partir de organismos capturados tanto por la flota comercial ribereña como durante la realización de salidas de campo propias. Se analizaron 145 estómagos de L. argentiventris y 87 de L. colorado. Las presas presentes en los contenidos estomacales fueron identificadas, clasificadas, numeradas y pesadas. Para el análisis cuantitativo del régimen alimenticio de las especies se calcularon los porcentajes en número y peso de las presas así como el índice de importancia relativa (IIR) total, mensual, por sexos y por tallas. La dieta de los peces estuvo constituida por dos grupos tróficos principales: peces y crustáceos. La presa más importante en la dieta de L. argentiventris fue Penaeus sp.(Decapoda Natantia) y en la de L. colorado, fue Goniopsis pulchra (Decapoda Reptantia). La cantidad de presas consumidas se incrementó en los meses de verano, observándose durante este período una mayor variedad del espectro alimenticio. Se utilizó el porcentaje en número y en peso para determinar la diversidad del espectro alimentario. Se encontró que estos valores fueron bajos (<0,5), determinándose que la dieta de estas especies de pargos es de baja diversidad pero abundante